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There are several alternative routes for a drive from Oslo to Bergen. They are all about 500 km long, with a mix of stretches with modern straight highways and stretches with winding rural roads. The speed limit on most stretches lie at 80 km/h, but you'll pass through small towns as you drive and the limit drops to 50 km/h. Driving at 80 km/h on some of the more winding stretches may be dangerous, so be alert and drive safely. Expect to drive at an average speed of about 60 km/h. The drive from Oslo to Bergen is in other words, a seven hour trip, excluding any stops on the way.
Driving from Oslo to Bergen, you'll pass through the districts of Buskerud and Hordaland. The route suggested here will take you up the Hallingdal valley, across the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, and down into the deep fjord district of Hardanger.
When driving out of Oslo, you should head for Drammen on the E18 highway. After about 15 minutes, you'll come to the suburb of Sandvika where you take off from E18 and get onto E16 in the direction of Hønefoss and Bergen. Sandvika is situated on the Oslo Fjord with multiple islands accessible from its shore. A nice stop would be to get down to the car park by the beach and take a walk out on the Kalvøya island. There is a small pedestrian suspension bridge that connects the island to the beach area. The town center is also accessible from the same car park. You'll find it a friendly, affluent and modern small town, but not particularly interesting.
Driving north from Sandvika in the direction of Hønefoss on the E16 you'll soon be climbing up to the mountain pass of Solihøgda. Going down the other side of that mountain, you'll have a nice wide view of the Ringerike plane, an agricultural area, surrounded by mountains.
After about an hour from Sandvika, you'll pass Hønefoss, and you come to a large roundabout. You want to take a left here. Look for Gol. Gol is the main town in the Hallingdal valley, but you have a long and windy road ahead of you before your get to the start of this valley. The road is called rv 7, sign posted with a 7 on a square white board.
Rv 7 brings you into a wooded area and after about half an hour you'll come to Krøderen, a long lake on your left that brings you to the entrance of the Hallingdal valley. There is a large eccentric house at the shore of this lake. To get to it you'll have to cross lake Krøderen at a narrow stretch close to where you first get to see the lake. The house is called Villa Fridheim and is open for visitors. To find it, just follow the signs.
Driving up past the Krøderen lake, you get into Hallingdal, a deep and narrow valley, that leads up to the Hardangevidda mountain plateau. The valley can offer several attractions, among them a bear park at Flå, a zoo with Norwegian wild life, including the bears as their main attraction.
Having passed Gol, you'll get to Hol where there is a steep climb up to an area with a wider landscape. Passing Geilo, a ski resort, there's another climb up close to the Hardangervidda plateau, and you'll be able to see the majestic Hallingskarvet mountain with its flat top to your north as you head west. If you feel like stretching your legs and breathing in the mountain air, Haugastøl, is a good spot for this. It is little more than a railway station, but it is situated at the east end of the old construction road, called Rallarvegen. A gravel road, closed for motor vehicles, that follows the rail road west. Some people hire bikes at Haugastøl and ride this road across the mountain plateau to the west coast, and take the train back to Haugastøl. A bike trip like that will take you at least a day, though, so a short walk up and down the initial bit of the road may be a better idea, unless you've made specific plans to take this bike ride.
Once you've passed Haugastøl, you'll make the last climb up to Hardangervidda, a flat and barren mountain plateau, that stretches all the way over to fjord country of Hardanger in Hordaland.
The mountainsides of the Hardanger fjord are so steep, the road engineers have been forced to make spiraling tunnels in the mountainside in order to descend certain parts of the 1000 meter descent from the Hardangervidda plateau to the fjord at sea level.
Hardanger is not only an impressive fjord area, it also has some interesting attractions. Don't miss the Vøringsfossen water fall that you pass on your way down from Hardangervidda to the shoreside town of Eidfjord.
Heading west from Hardanger you'll pass Voss on your way to Bergen. It is a nice medium size Norwegian town. From Voss you'll be in Bergen in less than two hours.
If you have never been driving in Norway before, you may find the information in the Driving in Norway web page useful. It contains some general information on driving, lodging and budgeting for a vacation in Norway.